{"id":24401,"date":"2024-07-01T14:01:51","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T12:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mikkra.de\/?page_id=24401"},"modified":"2024-07-03T22:15:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T20:15:34","slug":"historische-chronik","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sg-md.org\/en\/historische-chronik\/","title":{"rendered":"Historical chronicle"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\t\t\tHistory of the<\/span>

Jews in Magdeburg<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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957?: <\/strong>Presumed founding of the first Jewish community in Magdeburg - location: the \"Jewish village at Sudenburger Tor (near Hasselbachplatz\/see also excavation of Sudenburger Tor on Danzstr.), directly assigned to the archbishop, not the magistrate.<\/p>

965:<\/strong> Otto the Great's document on Jews in Magdeburg \"Magdeburg owes its economic importance to Jewish merchants\" (Dr. Ursula Homann).<\/p>

1207:<\/strong> Archbishop Albrecht II of Magdeburg (1207 to 1232) - \"The following anecdote shows how friendly this archbishop was towards Jews: \"When he returned from a visit to Rome, the Jews of Magdeburg went to meet him and he showed them his respect by kissing their law book, the Torah.\" (Homann)<\/p>

1260:<\/strong> Persecution under Archbishop Ruprecht (1260-1266) for greed: raid at the Feast of Tabernacles and plundering of the Jews<\/p>

1350 and 1384:<\/strong> Outbreak of the plague, for which the Jews were blamed - looting and burning down of the Jewish village<\/p>

1410:<\/strong> Archbishop G\u00fcnter (1403-1440) gives the Jews a letter of protection for six years<\/p>

1450:<\/strong> Decree by Nikolaus Cusanus (cardinal and papal legate since 1450): Jews must wear special insignia (hats? yellow circle?) - it is not certain whether this was also the case in Magdeburg.<\/p>

1493:<\/strong> Expulsion of all Jews (1400 people) from Magdeburg under Archbishop Ernst (1476-1513); the synagogue becomes a \"Marienkirche\", the Jewish village becomes \"Mariendorf\"; it is completely destroyed in 1550. Jews are banned from Magdeburg.<\/p>

1631:<\/strong> Destruction of Magdeburg: Jews still banned from staying in the city<\/p>

1705:<\/strong> King Frederick I: The \"Schutzjude\" Abraham Liebmann is allowed to trade in the city, later a few more \"Schutzjuden\".<\/p>

1806:<\/strong> Napoleon reigns. Jews are allowed to immigrate; in 1809 there are 84 families, including some from Warsaw, Halberstadt and Anhalt.<\/p>

March 21, 1808:<\/strong> King Jerome's decree: \"We ... in consideration that the Jews may no longer constitute a separate society in the state, ... have to merge with the nation of which they are members...\". Regulation of the life of the Jewish community and its religious services.<\/p>

1834-1862:<\/strong> Rabbi Ludwig Philippsohn (1811-1889), teacher, rabbi from 1839, \"a staunch advocate of humanitarian and liberal ideas\" and \"a zealous spokesman for Jewish rights\".<\/p>

1847-1856:<\/strong> Reorganization and independence of the municipality - 1850 first elections to the board of directors and assembly of representatives<\/p>

1851:<\/strong> First synagogue (800 members)<\/p>

1862 to 1867:<\/strong> Rabbi Dr. Moritz G\u00fcdemann<\/p>

1867 to 1904:<\/strong> Rabbi Dr. Georg Rahmer<\/p>

1897:<\/strong> Expansion of the synagogue into a \"Moorish temple\" (2000 members) with organ and choir. At the same time, new classrooms for religious instruction in the adjacent community center. 1906 to 1939 Rabbi Dr. Georg Wilde<\/p>

1914 to 1918:<\/strong> First World War 36 young men from the Magdeburg synagogue congregation fell \"for Kaiser and Reich\" (memorial at the Jewish cemetery)<\/p>

1925\/26:<\/strong> \"Affair Blum\" (DEFA film) - judicial scandal in Magdeburg surrounding the Jewish entrepreneur Rudolf Haas, falsely accused of murder<\/p>

1933:<\/strong> The Jewish community has 2300 members (in 1945 there are only 83)<\/p>

April 1, 1933:<\/strong> First boycott of Jewish businesses \/ Law on \"professional civil servants\": Jews not as civil servants<\/p>

1935:<\/strong> \"Nuremberg Race Laws\" - ban on marriages between Jews and non-Jews, any kind of cooperation...<\/p>

Summer 1938:<\/strong> Jewish children are no longer allowed to attend normal schools - Jewish school is set up by the city<\/p>

28.\/29.10.1938:<\/strong> Between 15,000 and 17,000 \"Polish\" Jews are expelled from Germany, including over 70 from Magdeburg<\/p>

November 9, 1938:<\/strong> Destruction of the synagogue; destruction of all books, files, objects of worship and interior furnishings.<\/p>

November 10, 1938:<\/strong> Around 120 Jewish men from Magdeburg are arrested and sent to Buchenwald concentration camp with the aim of forcing them to leave the city.<\/p>

Dec. 1938 to August 1939:<\/strong> \"Kindertransports\" to England, which also saved many Magdeburg children, but separated them from their parents.<\/p>

January 1, 1939:<\/strong> Ban on Jewish stores, businesses, medical practices, etc. - \"Aryanization\"; Jews must adopt the name \"Israel\" (for males) or \"Sara\" (for females) as an additional first name<\/p>

Beginning of 1939:<\/strong> \"Jewish houses\" and Jewish residential areas are established.<\/p>

Summer 1939:<\/strong> Establishment of a Jewish school in the community center at Gro\u00dfe Schulstr. 2b<\/p>

September 19, 1941:<\/strong> In the German Reich, the \"Jewish star\" is introduced as a compulsory identification mark for all Jews from the age of six<\/p>

October 23, 1941:<\/strong> Jews are no longer allowed to leave the country<\/p>

April 13\/14 and July 11, 1942:<\/strong> Two Magdeburg transports to the Warsaw ghetto<\/p>

November 18 and 25 and December 2, 1942:<\/strong> Deportation from MD to the \"old-age ghetto\" Theresienstadt<\/p>

February 22\/26, 1943:<\/strong> Largest Magdeburg transport to Auschwitz<\/p>

January 10\/11, 1944:<\/strong> Last deportations from Magdeburg - to Theresienstadt<\/p>

June 14, 1944 to April 13, 1945:<\/strong> Labor slave camp for women in the Polte OHG, from Nov. foreign Jewish women; munitions factory (prisoners from Ravensbr\u00fcck\/ Riga-Kaiserwald \/ Auschwitz and Stutthof with 3100 women, later also 600 men, about 600 survivors).<\/p>

June 17, 1944 to February 9, 1945:<\/strong> Work slave camp \"Magda\" in Rothensee; bomb clearance; BRABAG; Hungarian Jews (Buchenwald concentration camp outpost with 2175 Jewish forced laborers; 550 perished)<\/p>

January 16, 1945:<\/strong> Destruction of Magdeburg<\/p>

April 18, 1945:<\/strong> The Americans liberate Magdeburg - the end of the Nazi era<\/p>

May 8, 1945:<\/strong> Capitulation\/Day of Liberation. The synagogue congregation begins anew with around 80 members; information center for relatives all over the world... Initially Klausener Stra\u00dfe, from 1969? Gr\u00f6perstr. 1a<\/p>

November 9, 1988:<\/strong> Memorial in memory of the synagogue destroyed on November 9, 1938 is inaugurated.<\/p>

After 1990:<\/strong> Immigration of Russian Jews begins - the synagogue congregation grows. 2010 about 600 members (former Russian Jews), community center Gr\u00f6perstr. 1a<\/p>

January 27, 2001:<\/strong> Dedication of the Rothensee memorial.<\/p>

March 18, 2007:<\/strong> First \"Stumbling Stones\" laid in memory of Jewish Magdeburg residents murdered during the Nazi era.<\/p>

October 2007:<\/strong> First Week of Jewish Culture and History in Magdeburg (Forum Gestaltung)<\/p>

January 27, 2008:<\/strong> New memorial plaque inaugurated at the gate of the former women's concentration camp for the Polte OHG company.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Magdeburg synagogue community<\/span>

after 1806<\/span><\/h2><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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First parishioners:<\/strong><\/h6>
        • Samuel Isaak Elbtal family (Schutzjude Samuel Isaak)<\/li>
        • Alenfeld family<\/li>
        • (Joseph Lazarus)<\/li>
        • Michael Scheier, Patschierstecher<\/li>
        • Israel Brill Schlesinger, banker<\/li>
        • Itzig Su\u00dfmann<\/li>
        • Lazarus Steinthal (see certificate)<\/li>
        • Many more (so that it almost becomes too much for some of those who have arrived earlier)<\/li>
        • Syndici: Su\u00dfmann and Elbtal<\/li>
        • 1807-1839 Merchant G. S. Spier is elected four times as town councillor, then A. E. Max and his son Gustav Max<\/li>
        • Oct. 1809 84 families<\/li>
        • 1810 255 souls<\/li>
        • 1811 288 souls<\/li>
        • 1815 \/1816 Israelite cemetery<\/li>
        • Around 1840 599, 1850 850 members;<\/li>
        • 1847 \"Law on the Status of Jews\" Citizens of the Mosaic faith are granted the same civic rights and obligations as their fellow citizens.<\/li>
        • 26.1.1850 First election for representation<\/li>
        • 1856 Statute<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>

          \u00a0<\/p>

          Rabbi<\/strong><\/h6>
                • Isaak Heilbronn (1809-1822)<\/li>
                • Moses Salomon (cantor; 1822-1839)<\/li>
                • Dr. Ludwig Philippson (1834-1862; + 1889 in Bonn)<\/li>
                • Dr. Moritz G\u00fcdemann (1862-1867; + 1918 in Vienna)<\/li>
                • Dr. Moritz Rahmer (1867-1904)<\/li>
                • Dr. Siegfried Grzymisch (rabbinate administrator 1903-1906; rabbi in Bruchsal, murdered in Auschwitz in 1944)<\/li>
                • Dr. Georg Wilde (1906-1939; field rabbi in the First World War; + 1952 in London)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>

                  \u00a0<\/p>

                  Magdeburg Synagogue<\/strong><\/h6>
                        • Kleine M\u00fcnzstr. 5<\/li>
                        • Pr\u00e4latenstr. 27<\/li>
                        • 1849 Purchase of a plot of land (former T\u00e4gtmeyerscher Garten) for 8000 thalers<\/li>
                        • 19.9.1850 Laying of the foundation stone<\/li>
                        • 14.9.1851 Inauguration<\/li>
                        • 14.10.1896: Decision: Community center and enlargement and extension of the synagogue<\/li>
                        • 26.9.1897 Inauguration of the new synagogue with organ<\/li>
                        • 9.11. 1938 Destruction<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>

                          \u00a0<\/p>

                          Cantors \/ Teachers<\/strong><\/h6>
                              • Moses Salomon (+1839)<\/li>
                              • H\u00f6lzel (1839-1843)<\/li>
                              • A. Nathansohn (1843-1880)<\/li>
                              • Salomon Winter (1879-1909;+1910 in Berlin)<\/li>
                              • Wilhelm Friedmann (1909-1914 ; from 1914 in Berlin)<\/li>
                              • Georg de Haas (1914-1918; from 1918 merchant in Hamburg)<\/li>
                              • Meyer (Max) Teller (1919-1939; + murdered in Auschwitz)<\/li>
                              • Hermann Spier (1939-1942; deported to the Warsaw ghetto, murdered in Treblinka<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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                                Compilation<\/i>Waltraut Zachhuber, September 2012\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                History of the Jews in Magdeburg 957?: presumed foundation of the first Jewish community in Magdeburg - location: the \"Jewish village at Sudenburger Tor\" (near Hasselbachplatz\/see also excavation of the Sudenburger Tor at the...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-24401","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"campaignId":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sg-md.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sg-md.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sg-md.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sg-md.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sg-md.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sg-md.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24401\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sg-md.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}